BNF FOR SOQL
The following BNF notation (Backus Naur Form) specifies the syntax rules of SOQL. Use it to debug syntax errors or more fully understand what syntax is valid in SOQL.
QUERY ::= 'SELECT' ('COUNT()' | (FIELD ( ',' FIELD)*))
'FROM' UNQUALIFIEDNAME ('AS' ? UNQUALIFIEDNAME)? ('USING' UNQUALIFIEDNAME)?
(PARENT_ALIAS_EXPR)*
('WHERE' CONDITIONEXPR )?
('ORDER BY' ORDERBYEXPR)?
('LIMIT' POSINTEGER )?
FIELD ::= NAME | 'toLabel' '(' NAME ')' | '(' QUERY ')'
PARENT_ALIAS_EXPR ::= ',' QUALIFIEDNAME ('AS' ? UNQUALIFIEDNAME)?
('USING' UNQUALIFIEDNAME)?
CONDITIONEXPR ::= ANDEXPR | OREXPR | NOTEXPR | SIMPLEEXPR
ANDEXPR ::= SIMPLEEXPR 'AND' SIMPLEEXPR ('AND' SIMPLEEXPR)*
OREXPR ::= SIMPLEEXPR 'OR' SIMPLEEXPR ('OR' SIMPLEEXPR)*
NOTEXPR ::= 'NOT' SIMPLEEXPR
SIMPLEEXPR ::= '(' CONDITIONEXPR ')' | FIELDEXPR | SETEXPR
FIELDEXPR ::= NAME OPERATOR VALUE | NAME MATHOPERATOR NAME OPERATOR VALUE
SETEXPR ::= NAME ('includes' | 'excludes' | 'in' | 'not' 'in') '(' VALUE
(',' VALUE)* ')'
ORDERBYEXPR ::= NAME ('asc' | 'desc')? ('nulls' ('first'|'last'))?
(',' NAME ('asc' | 'desc')? ('nulls' ('first'|'last'))?)*
OPERATOR ::= '=' | '!=' | '<' | '<=' | '>' | '>=' | 'like'
MATHOPERATOR ::= '+' | '-'
VALUE ::= STRING_LITERAL | NUMBER | DATE | DATETIME | NULL | TRUE | FALSE |
DATEFORMULA | CURRENCY
DATEFORMULA ::= YESTERDAY | TODAY | TOMORROW | LAST_WEEK | THIS_WEEK |
NEXT_WEEK | THIS_MONTH | LAST_MONTH | NEXT_MONTH | LAST_90_DAYS |
NEXT_90_DAYS | LAST_N_DAYS ':' INTEGER | NEXT_N_DAYS ':' INTEGER |
THIS_QUERTER | LAST_QUARTER | NEXT_QUARTER | NEXT_N_QUARTERS ':'
INTEGER | LAST_N_QUARTERS ':' INTEGER | THIS_YEAR | LAST_YEAR |
NEXT_YEAR | THIS_FISCAL_QUARTER | NEXT_N_YEARS ':' INTEGER |
LAST_N_YEARS ':' INTEGER | LAST_FISCAL_QUARTER | NEXT_FISCAL_QUARTER |
NEXT_N_FISCAL_QUARTERS ':' INTEGER | LAST_N_FISCAL_QUARTERS ':' INTEGER |
THIS_FISCAL_YEAR | LAST_FISCAL_YEAR | NEXT_FISCAL_YEAR |
NEXT_N_FISCAL_YEARS ':' INTEGER | LAST_N_FISCAL_YEARS ':' INTEGER
UNQUALIFIEDNAME ::= LETTER (NAMECHAR)*
QUALIFIEDNAME ::= UNQUALIFIEDNAME ('.' UNQUALIFIEDNAME)*
NAME ::= QUALIFIEDNAME | UNQUALIFIEDNAME
LETTER ::= 'a'..'z' | 'A'..'Z'
NAMECHAR ::= LETTER | DIGIT | '_'
DATE ::= YEAR '-' MONTH '-' DAY
DATETIME ::= DATE 'T' HOUR ':' MINUTE ':' SECOND ('Z' | (('+' |'-')
TZHOUR ( ':' TZMINUTE)? ))
YEAR ::= DIGIT DIGIT DIGIT DIGIT
MONTH ::= '0' '1'..'9' | '1' ('0' | '1' | '2')
DAY ::= '0' '1'..'9' | '1'..'2' DIGIT | '3' ('0' | '1')
HOUR ::= '0'..'1' DIGIT | '2' '0'..'3'
MINUTE ::= '0'..'5' DIGIT
TZHOUR ::= DIGIT | TZHOUR DIGIT
TZMINUTE ::= DIGIT | TZMINUTE DIGIT
SECOND ::= '0'..'5' DIGIT ( '.' POSINTEGER )?
CURRENCY ::= (LETTER)* NUMBER
NULL ::= 'null'
TRUE ::= 'true'
FALSE ::= 'false'
NUMBER ::= '.' POSINTEGER | INTEGER '.' POSINTEGER
INTEGER ::= ('+' | '-')? POSINTEGER
POSINTEGER ::= DIGIT+
DIGIT ::= '0'..'9'
STRING_LITERAL ::= "'" (ESC_CHAR | ~("'"))* "'"
ESC_CHAR ::= '\' ('n' | 'r' | 't' | '"' | "'" | '\')
WS ::= S+
S ::= ' ' | S ' ' | ''